keywords/glossary for 8h the rock cycle
Posted by: woodchurchscience in chemistry, earth materials, keywords, ks3, revision, warren, y8rock cycle - a cycle that describes how the three rock types change from one to another over millions of years.
sandstone - a type of sedimentary rock made up of grains of sand cemented together.
sedimentary rocks - a type of rock made up from layers of sediment that have built up over millions of years and become cemented together.
volcano - mountain or hill from which lava erupts out of the Earth’s crust.
limestone - a type of sedimentary rock formed from the shells and bones of sea creatures, which contains calcium carbonate.
magma - molten rock found deep below the surface of the Earth.
metamorphic rock - rock formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks are changed by intense heat and/or pressure.
lava - molten rock from deep below the surface of the Earth that reaches the surface through cracks or volcanoes.
marble - a type of metamorphic rock that is produced whenlimestone is heated under high pressure.
igneous rock - rock that is formed from molten lava or magma that has cooled and solidified.
basalt - a type of igneous rock with small crystals.
shale - a type of sedimentary rock made up of very fine grains.
granite - a type of igneous rock with big crystals.
cementation - in the gaps between compacted grains in sedimentary layers, chemicals in the water crystallise and ‘glue’ the grains together
slate - a type of metamorphic rock that has a layered structure.
intrusive - igneous rock with large crystals, formed when magma cools slowly underground, such as granite.
compaction - grains in sedimentary layers pressed tightly together by the enormous weight of layers of sediment deposited later.
extrusive - igneous rock with small crystals, formed when lava cools quickly on the surface of the earth, such as basalt.
crystalline - a substance that contains crystals is crystalline.
density - how heavy a material is for its size (density = mass/volume).
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