keywords/glossary for 8h the rock cycle
Posted by: woodchurchscience in chemistry, earth materials, keywords, ks3, revision, warren, y8rock cycle – a cycle that describes how the three rock types change from one to another over millions of years.
sandstone – a type of sedimentary rock made up of grains of sand cemented together.
sedimentary rocks – a type of rock made up from layers of sediment that have built up over millions of years and become cemented together.
volcano - mountain or hill from which lava erupts out of the Earth’s crust.
limestone – a type of sedimentary rock formed from the shells and bones of sea creatures, which contains calcium carbonate.
magma – molten rock found deep below the surface of the Earth.
metamorphic rock – rock formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks are changed by intense heat and/or pressure.
lava – molten rock from deep below the surface of the Earth that reaches the surface through cracks or volcanoes.
marble – a type of metamorphic rock that is produced whenlimestone is heated under high pressure.
igneous rock – rock that is formed from molten lava or magma that has cooled and solidified.
basalt – a type of igneous rock with small crystals.
shale – a type of sedimentary rock made up of very fine grains.
granite – a type of igneous rock with big crystals.
cementation – in the gaps between compacted grains in sedimentary layers, chemicals in the water crystallise and ‘glue’ the grains together
slate – a type of metamorphic rock that has a layered structure.
intrusive – igneous rock with large crystals, formed when magma cools slowly underground, such as granite.
compaction – grains in sedimentary layers pressed tightly together by the enormous weight of layers of sediment deposited later.
extrusive – igneous rock with small crystals, formed when lava cools quickly on the surface of the earth, such as basalt.
crystalline – a substance that contains crystals is crystalline.
density – how heavy a material is for its size (density = mass/volume).
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